Was the 9 October 1995 M_w 8 Jalisco, Mexico, Earthquake a Near-Trench Event?

The behavior of slip close to the trench during earthquakes is not well understood, and observations of large earthquakes breaking the near trench fault surface are rare. The 1995 M_w 8.0 Jalisco earthquake seems to have broken the near-trench area, as evidenced by large M_s-M_w disparity, small high-frequency radiated energy compared to total energy, and low E_r/M₀ ratios, in addition to several finite slip models showing large slip near the trench. However, slip models obtained using campaign Global Positioning System data suggest slip near shore. In this study we try to answer whether this event was a near-trench event or not, by inverting teleseismic P, S, Rayleigh, and Love waves, as well as campaign Global Positioning System static offsets, either separately or jointly, to obtain the slip distribution on the fault as a function of time. We find two possible end-member scenarios consistent with observed data: (1) coseismic slip distributed between coast and trench and no (or very little) postseismic slip and (2) coseismic slip principally near the trench with large (up to 1.8 m) aseismic slip occurring in the first 5–10 days after the earthquake, with a total moment corresponding to 16% of that of the event. We are unable to distinguish between these two end-member scenarios by tsunami modeling and finally are neither able to conclude or exclude that the event was a typical near trench event.