Parenchymal cystatin C focal deposits and glial scar formation around brain arteries in Hereditary Cystatin C Amyloid Angiopathy.

Asbjorg Osk Snorradottir, Helgi J Isaksson, Stephan A Kaeser, Angelos A Skodras, Elias Olafsson, Astridur Palsdottir, Birkir Thor Bragason, Ásbjörg Ósk Snorradóttir

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Hereditary Cystatin C Amyloid Angiopathy (HCCAA) is an amyloid disorder in Icelandic families caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in the cystatin C gene. Mutant cystatin C forms amyloid deposits in brain arteries and arterioles which are associated with changes in the arterial wall structure, notably deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. In this post-mortem study we examined the neuroinflammatory response relative to the topographical distribution of cystatin C deposition, and associated haemorrhages, in the leptomeninges, cerebrum, cerebellum, thalamus, and midbrain of HCCAA patients. Cystatin C was deposited in all brain areas, grey and white matter alike, most prominently in arteries and arterioles; capillaries and veins were not, or minimally, affected. We also observed perivascular deposits and parenchymal focal deposits proximal to affected arteries. This study shows for the first time, that cystatin C does not exclusively form CAA and perivascular amyloid but also focal deposits in the brain parenchyma. Haemorrhages were observed in all patients and occurred in all brain areas, variable between patients. Microinfarcts were observed in 34.6% of patients. The neuroinflammatory response was limited to the close vicinity of affected arteries and perivascular as well as parenchymal focal deposits. Taken together with previously reported arterial accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in HCCAA, our results indicate that the central nervous system pathology of HCCAA is characterised by the formation of a glial scar within and around affected arteries.

Original languageUndefined/Unknown
Pages (from-to)149-162
Number of pages14
JournalBrain Research
Volume1622
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 5 Oct 2015

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Other keywords

  • Cystatin C distribution
  • Focal deposits
  • Glial scar
  • Hereditary Cystatin C Amyloid Angiopathy
  • Neuroinflammation

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