Abstract
Sheep were immunized against Visna/Maedi virus (VMV) gag and/or env genes via the nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and lung using polyethylenimine (PEI)-DNA complexes and modified vaccinia Ankara, and challenged with live virus via the lung. env immunization enhanced humoral responses prior to but not after VMV challenge. Systemic T cell proliferative and cytotoxic responses were generally low, with the responses following single gag gene immunization being significantly depressed after challenge. A transient reduction in provirus load in the blood early after challenge was observed following env immunization, whilst the gag gene either alone or in combination with env resulted in significantly elevated provirus loads in lung. However, despite this, a significant reduction in lesion score was observed in animals immunized with the single gag gene at post-mortem. Inclusion of IFN-γ in the immunization mixture in general had no significant effects. The results thus showed that protective effects against VMV-induced lesions can be induced following respiratory immunization with the single gag gene, though this was accompanied by an increased pulmonary provirus load.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 4494-4505 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | Vaccine |
Volume | 26 |
Issue number | 35 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 18 Aug 2008 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This study was supported by grants from European Union (QLK2-CT-2002-00617) and Spanish CICYT (AGL2003-08977-C03-01 and AGL2006-13410C-06/01/GAN). Ramsés Reina and Ximena de Andrés were supported by a fellowship FPI from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education. Tom McNeilly was supported by a Ph.D. studentship from the Royal (Dick) College of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh. We thank Margaret Ross, Pauline Love, Paolo Caldato, Paul Tonks, Santiago Becerra, Rosario Puyó, Margherita Profiti, Katia Ricci, Giorgia Tozzini, Angela Wheatley, Sigridur Matthiasdottir, and Paul Wright for technical help.
Other keywords
- DNA vaccination
- Lentivirus
- Mucosal
- Sheep