Gradual caldera collapse at Bárdarbunga volcano, Iceland, regulated by lateral magma outflow

Magnús T. Gudmundsson; Kristín Jónsdóttir; Andrew Hooper; Eoghan P. Holohan; Sæmundur A. Halldórsson; Benedikt G. Ófeigsson; Simone Cesca; Kristín S. Vogfjörd; Freysteinn Sigmundsson; Thórdís Högnadóttir; Páll Einarsson; Olgeir Sigmarsson; Alexander H. Jarosch; Kristján Jónasson; Eyjólfur Magnússon; Sigrún Hreinsdóttir; Marco Bagnardi; Michelle M. Parks; Vala Hjörleifsdóttir; Finnur Pálsson; Thomas R. Walter; Martin P.J. Schöpfer; Sebastian Heimann; Hannah I. Reynolds; Stéphanie Dumont; Eniko Bali; Gudmundur H. Gudfinnsson; Torsten Dahm; Matthew J. Roberts; Martin Hensch; Joaquín M.C. Belart; Karsten Spaans; Sigurdur Jakobsson; Gunnar B. Gudmundsson; Hildur M. Fridriksdóttir; Vincent Drouin; Tobias Dürig; Gudfinna Adalgeirsdóttir; Morten S. Riishuus; Gro B.M. Pedersen; Tayo Van Boeckel; Björn Oddsson; Melissa A. Pfeffer; Sara Barsotti; Baldur Bergsson; Amy Donovan; Mike R. Burton; Alessandro Aiuppa; Kristín S. Vogfjörð; Vala Hjorleifsdottir; Sigurður Jakobsson

doi:10.1126/science.aaf8988

Gradual caldera collapse at Bárdarbunga volcano, Iceland, regulated by lateral magma outflow

Magnús T. Gudmundsson^*, Kristín Jónsdóttir, Andrew Hooper, Eoghan P. Holohan, Sæmundur A. Halldórsson, Benedikt G. Ófeigsson, Simone Cesca, Kristín S. Vogfjörd, Freysteinn Sigmundsson, Thórdís Högnadóttir, Páll Einarsson, Olgeir Sigmarsson, Alexander H. Jarosch, Kristján Jónasson, Eyjólfur Magnússon, Sigrún Hreinsdóttir, Marco Bagnardi, Michelle M. Parks, Vala Hjörleifsdóttir, Finnur PálssonThomas R. Walter, Martin P.J. Schöpfer, Sebastian Heimann, Hannah I. Reynolds, Stéphanie Dumont, Eniko Bali, Gudmundur H. Gudfinnsson, Torsten Dahm, Matthew J. Roberts, Martin Hensch, Joaquín M.C. Belart, Karsten Spaans, Sigurdur Jakobsson, Gunnar B. Gudmundsson, Hildur M. Fridriksdóttir, Vincent Drouin, Tobias Dürig, Gudfinna Adalgeirsdóttir, Morten S. Riishuus, Gro B.M. Pedersen, Tayo Van Boeckel, Björn Oddsson, Melissa A. Pfeffer, Sara Barsotti, Baldur Bergsson, Amy Donovan, Mike R. Burton, Alessandro Aiuppa, Kristín S. Vogfjörð, Vala Hjorleifsdottir, Sigurður Jakobsson

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

192 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Large volcanic eruptions on Earth commonly occur with a collapse of the roof of a crustal magma reservoir, forming a caldera. Only a few such collapses occur per century, and the lack of detailed observations has obscured insight into the mechanical interplay between collapse and eruption.We usemultiparameter geophysical and geochemical data to show that the 110-squarekilometer and 65-meter-deep collapse of Bárdarbunga caldera in 2014-2015 was initiated through withdrawal of magma, and lateral migration through a 48-kilometers-long dike, from a 12-kilometers deep reservoir. Interaction between the pressure exerted by the subsiding reservoir roof and the physical properties of the subsurface flow path explain the gradual, nearexponential decline of both collapse rate and the intensity of the 180-day-long eruption.

Original language	English
Article number	aaf8988
Pages (from-to)	aaf8988
Journal	Science
Volume	353
Issue number	6296
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf8988
Publication status	Published - 15 Jul 2016

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
Copyright 2016 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science; all rights reserved.

Other keywords

Caldera collapse
Eruption
Lateral Magma Flow
Glacier Dynamics
Bárðarbunga
Öskjugos
Eldgos
Hraunrennsli

Access to Document

10.1126/science.aaf8988

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/190

FUTUREVOLC: A European volcanological supersite in Iceland: a monitoring system and network for the future
Sigmundsson, F. (PI)
1/10/12 → 31/03/16
Project: Research

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Gudmundsson, M. T., Jónsdóttir, K., Hooper, A., Holohan, E. P., Halldórsson, S. A., Ófeigsson, B. G., Cesca, S., Vogfjörd, K. S., Sigmundsson, F., Högnadóttir, T., Einarsson, P., Sigmarsson, O., Jarosch, A. H., Jónasson, K., Magnússon, E., Hreinsdóttir, S., Bagnardi, M., Parks, M. M., Hjörleifsdóttir, V., ... Jakobsson, S. (2016). Gradual caldera collapse at Bárdarbunga volcano, Iceland, regulated by lateral magma outflow. Science, 353(6296), aaf8988. Article aaf8988. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf8988

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abstract = "Large volcanic eruptions on Earth commonly occur with a collapse of the roof of a crustal magma reservoir, forming a caldera. Only a few such collapses occur per century, and the lack of detailed observations has obscured insight into the mechanical interplay between collapse and eruption.We usemultiparameter geophysical and geochemical data to show that the 110-squarekilometer and 65-meter-deep collapse of B{\'a}rdarbunga caldera in 2014-2015 was initiated through withdrawal of magma, and lateral migration through a 48-kilometers-long dike, from a 12-kilometers deep reservoir. Interaction between the pressure exerted by the subsiding reservoir roof and the physical properties of the subsurface flow path explain the gradual, nearexponential decline of both collapse rate and the intensity of the 180-day-long eruption.",

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Gudmundsson, MT, Jónsdóttir, K, Hooper, A, Holohan, EP, Halldórsson, SA, Ófeigsson, BG, Cesca, S, Vogfjörd, KS, Sigmundsson, F , Högnadóttir, T , Einarsson, P , Sigmarsson, O, Jarosch, AH, Jónasson, K , Magnússon, E, Hreinsdóttir, S, Bagnardi, M, Parks, MM, Hjörleifsdóttir, V, Pálsson, F, Walter, TR, Schöpfer, MPJ, Heimann, S, Reynolds, HI, Dumont, S, Bali, E , Gudfinnsson, GH, Dahm, T, Roberts, MJ, Hensch, M, Belart, JMC, Spaans, K, Jakobsson, S, Gudmundsson, GB, Fridriksdóttir, HM, Drouin, V, Dürig, T, Adalgeirsdóttir, G, Riishuus, MS, Pedersen, GBM, Van Boeckel, T, Oddsson, B, Pfeffer, MA, Barsotti, S, Bergsson, B, Donovan, A, Burton, MR, Aiuppa, A, Vogfjörð, KS, Hjorleifsdottir, V & Jakobsson, S 2016, 'Gradual caldera collapse at Bárdarbunga volcano, Iceland, regulated by lateral magma outflow', Science, vol. 353, no. 6296, aaf8988, pp. aaf8988. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf8988

TY - JOUR

T1 - Gradual caldera collapse at Bárdarbunga volcano, Iceland, regulated by lateral magma outflow

AU - Gudmundsson, Magnús T.

AU - Jónsdóttir, Kristín

AU - Hooper, Andrew

AU - Holohan, Eoghan P.

AU - Halldórsson, Sæmundur A.

AU - Ófeigsson, Benedikt G.

AU - Cesca, Simone

AU - Vogfjörd, Kristín S.

AU - Sigmundsson, Freysteinn

AU - Högnadóttir, Thórdís

AU - Einarsson, Páll

AU - Sigmarsson, Olgeir

AU - Jarosch, Alexander H.

AU - Jónasson, Kristján

AU - Magnússon, Eyjólfur

AU - Hreinsdóttir, Sigrún

AU - Bagnardi, Marco

AU - Parks, Michelle M.

AU - Hjörleifsdóttir, Vala

AU - Pálsson, Finnur

AU - Walter, Thomas R.

AU - Schöpfer, Martin P.J.

AU - Heimann, Sebastian

AU - Reynolds, Hannah I.

AU - Dumont, Stéphanie

AU - Bali, Eniko

AU - Gudfinnsson, Gudmundur H.

AU - Dahm, Torsten

AU - Roberts, Matthew J.

AU - Hensch, Martin

AU - Belart, Joaquín M.C.

AU - Spaans, Karsten

AU - Jakobsson, Sigurdur

AU - Gudmundsson, Gunnar B.

AU - Fridriksdóttir, Hildur M.

AU - Drouin, Vincent

AU - Dürig, Tobias

AU - Adalgeirsdóttir, Gudfinna

AU - Riishuus, Morten S.

AU - Pedersen, Gro B.M.

AU - Van Boeckel, Tayo

AU - Oddsson, Björn

AU - Pfeffer, Melissa A.

AU - Barsotti, Sara

AU - Bergsson, Baldur

AU - Donovan, Amy

AU - Burton, Mike R.

AU - Aiuppa, Alessandro

AU - Vogfjörð, Kristín S.

AU - Hjorleifsdottir, Vala

AU - Jakobsson, Sigurður

PY - 2016/7/15

Y1 - 2016/7/15

N2 - Large volcanic eruptions on Earth commonly occur with a collapse of the roof of a crustal magma reservoir, forming a caldera. Only a few such collapses occur per century, and the lack of detailed observations has obscured insight into the mechanical interplay between collapse and eruption.We usemultiparameter geophysical and geochemical data to show that the 110-squarekilometer and 65-meter-deep collapse of Bárdarbunga caldera in 2014-2015 was initiated through withdrawal of magma, and lateral migration through a 48-kilometers-long dike, from a 12-kilometers deep reservoir. Interaction between the pressure exerted by the subsiding reservoir roof and the physical properties of the subsurface flow path explain the gradual, nearexponential decline of both collapse rate and the intensity of the 180-day-long eruption.

AB - Large volcanic eruptions on Earth commonly occur with a collapse of the roof of a crustal magma reservoir, forming a caldera. Only a few such collapses occur per century, and the lack of detailed observations has obscured insight into the mechanical interplay between collapse and eruption.We usemultiparameter geophysical and geochemical data to show that the 110-squarekilometer and 65-meter-deep collapse of Bárdarbunga caldera in 2014-2015 was initiated through withdrawal of magma, and lateral migration through a 48-kilometers-long dike, from a 12-kilometers deep reservoir. Interaction between the pressure exerted by the subsiding reservoir roof and the physical properties of the subsurface flow path explain the gradual, nearexponential decline of both collapse rate and the intensity of the 180-day-long eruption.

KW - Caldera collapse

KW - Eruption

KW - Lateral Magma Flow

KW - Glacier Dynamics

KW - Bárðarbunga

KW - Öskjugos

KW - Eldgos

KW - Hraunrennsli

KW - Caldera collapse

KW - Eruption

KW - Lateral Magma Flow

KW - Glacier Dynamics

KW - Bárðarbunga

KW - Öskjugos

KW - Eldgos

KW - Hraunrennsli

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84978402488&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1126/science.aaf8988

DO - 10.1126/science.aaf8988

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84978402488

SN - 0036-8075

VL - 353

SP - aaf8988

JO - Science

JF - Science

IS - 6296

M1 - aaf8988

ER -

Gradual caldera collapse at Bárdarbunga volcano, Iceland, regulated by lateral magma outflow

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Other keywords

Access to Document

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Projects

FUTUREVOLC: A European volcanological supersite in Iceland: a monitoring system and network for the future

Cite this