TY - JOUR
T1 - Cod liver oil consumption at different periods of life and bone mineral density in old age
AU - Eysteinsdottir, Tinna
AU - Halldorsson, Thorhallur I.
AU - Thorsdottir, Inga
AU - Sigurdsson, Gunnar
AU - Sigurdsson, Sigurdur
AU - Harris, Tamara
AU - Launer, Lenore J.
AU - Gudnason, Vilmundur
AU - Gunnarsdottir, Ingibjorg
AU - Steingrimsdottir, Laufey
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Authors 2015.
PY - 2015/7/28
Y1 - 2015/7/28
N2 - Cod liver oil is a traditional source of vitamin D in Iceland, and regular intake is recommended partly for the sake of bone health. However, the association between lifelong consumption of cod liver oil and bone mineral density (BMD) in old age is unclear. The present study attempted to assess the associations between intake of cod liver oil in adolescence, midlife, and old age, and hip BMD in old age, as well as associations between cod liver oil intake in old age and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration. Participants of the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study (age 66-96 years; n 4798), reported retrospectively cod liver oil intake during adolescence and midlife, as well as the one now in old age, using a validated FFQ. BMD of femoral neck and trochanteric region was measured by volumetric quantitative computed tomography, and serum 25(OH)D concentration was measured by means of a direct, competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay. Associations were assessed using linear regression models. No significant association was seen between retrospective cod liver oil intake and hip BMD in old age. Current intake of aged men was also not associated with hip BMD, while aged women with daily intakes had z-scores on average 0·1 higher, compared with those with an intake of < once/week. Although significant, this difference is small, and its clinical relevance is questionable. Intake of aged participants was positively associated with serum 25(OH)D: individuals with intakes of < once/week, one to six time(s)/week and daily intake had concentrations of approximately 40, 50 and 60 nmol/l respectively (P for trend < 0·001).
AB - Cod liver oil is a traditional source of vitamin D in Iceland, and regular intake is recommended partly for the sake of bone health. However, the association between lifelong consumption of cod liver oil and bone mineral density (BMD) in old age is unclear. The present study attempted to assess the associations between intake of cod liver oil in adolescence, midlife, and old age, and hip BMD in old age, as well as associations between cod liver oil intake in old age and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration. Participants of the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study (age 66-96 years; n 4798), reported retrospectively cod liver oil intake during adolescence and midlife, as well as the one now in old age, using a validated FFQ. BMD of femoral neck and trochanteric region was measured by volumetric quantitative computed tomography, and serum 25(OH)D concentration was measured by means of a direct, competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay. Associations were assessed using linear regression models. No significant association was seen between retrospective cod liver oil intake and hip BMD in old age. Current intake of aged men was also not associated with hip BMD, while aged women with daily intakes had z-scores on average 0·1 higher, compared with those with an intake of < once/week. Although significant, this difference is small, and its clinical relevance is questionable. Intake of aged participants was positively associated with serum 25(OH)D: individuals with intakes of < once/week, one to six time(s)/week and daily intake had concentrations of approximately 40, 50 and 60 nmol/l respectively (P for trend < 0·001).
KW - Bone density
KW - Cod liver oil
KW - Elderly individuals
KW - Lifelong consumption
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84938554699&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1017/S0007114515001397
DO - 10.1017/S0007114515001397
M3 - Article
C2 - 26079168
AN - SCOPUS:84938554699
SN - 0007-1145
VL - 114
SP - 248
EP - 256
JO - British Journal of Nutrition
JF - British Journal of Nutrition
IS - 2
ER -