Abstract
Langvinn lungnateppa er algengur sjúkdómur sem veldur þungri sjúkdómsbyrði og dauðsföllum. Hún veldur einnig miklum kostnaði í heilbrigðiskerfinu. Ein af ástæðum þessa eru bráðar versnanir sem leiða oft á tíðum til sjúkrahúsinnlagna, lyfjagjafa og annarra kostnaðarsamra aðgerða. Þær eru einnig algeng dánarorsök. Í þessu yfirliti verður farið yfir skilgreiningu á bráðri versnun, orsakir og mismunagreiningar. Meðferð verður rædd og leiðir til að koma í veg fyrir endurteknar versnanir. Meðal þeirra eru lyfjameðferð eins og langvirk berkjuvíkkandi lyf, innöndunarsterar og samsett meðferð. Þá geta sýklalyf og andoxunarlyf átt við í völdum tilfellum. Inflúensu- og lungnabólgubólusetningar eru mikilvægar sem og lungnaendurhæfing. Mikilvægt er að meta þátt hjásjúkdóma í bráðum versnunum og meðhöndla einnig þá sjúkdóma. Dæmi um slíka sjúkdóma eru kransæðasjúkdómur og hjartabilun og einnig þunglyndi og kvíði.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is common and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. It leads to huge costs in the health care system. One of the resons is acute exacerbations that lead to hospital admissions, increased medication use and other costly operations. They can also lead to death. In this review we will discuss the definition of acute exacerbation, causes and differential diagnosis. Treatment will be discussed and ways to avoid repeated exacerbations. Among ways to prevent acute exacerbations is drug treatment such as inhaled long-acting bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids and combination treatment. In selected cases antibiotics and antioxidants can be helpful. Influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations are important in addition to pulmonary rehabiliation. It is important to evaluate the role of co-morbidities and treat those diseases also. Examples of comorbidites are coronary artery disease and heart failure but also anxiety and depression.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is common and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. It leads to huge costs in the health care system. One of the resons is acute exacerbations that lead to hospital admissions, increased medication use and other costly operations. They can also lead to death. In this review we will discuss the definition of acute exacerbation, causes and differential diagnosis. Treatment will be discussed and ways to avoid repeated exacerbations. Among ways to prevent acute exacerbations is drug treatment such as inhaled long-acting bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids and combination treatment. In selected cases antibiotics and antioxidants can be helpful. Influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations are important in addition to pulmonary rehabiliation. It is important to evaluate the role of co-morbidities and treat those diseases also. Examples of comorbidites are coronary artery disease and heart failure but also anxiety and depression.
Original language | Icelandic |
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Journal | Læknablaðið |
Publication status | Published - 2015 |
Other keywords
- Langvinn lungnateppa
- Meðferð
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
- Disease Progression
- Comorbidity
- Therapeutics
- Primary Prevention