Becoming Nordic in Brazil: Whiteness and Icelandic heritage in Brazilian identity making

In this article, we focus on whiteness as an historically shifting phenomenon by
analysing Brazilian recent emphasis on Icelandic ancestry, demonstrating the intersection of whiteness, class and ethnicity. A small group of Icelanders were among
the millions migrating to Brazil around the latter half of the nineteenth century.
The Icelandic migrants did not emphasise their Icelandic identity but affiliated
themselves with Germans and other favoured immigrant groups. More than 130
years later, a group of Brazilians of Icelandic descent founded the Iceland Brazil
Association to celebrate the Icelandic part of their ancestry. Since then, both
their membership and interest in Iceland have grown. We ask how this emphasis on
Icelandic ancestry intersects with an increased reification of Icelandic identity as
‘white’ identity. The discussion shows that the emphasis on Icelandic ethnic markers is new in Brazil and needs to be understood within the theorisation of Brazilian
national and racialised identity.