Abstract
Óráð er bráð og yfirleitt tímabundin truflun á meðvitund, athygli, hugsun, skynjun og tilfinningum. Orsakir þess eru ekki að fullu þekktar en truflanir á taugaboðefnum og bólguviðbrögð eru mögulegir orsakaþættir. Óráð er algengt vandamál eftir opnar hjartaaðgerðir og afleiðingar geta verið alvarlegar. Þrátt fyrir það sýna rannsóknir að vandamálið er vangreint og fyrirbyggingu og meðferð er ábótavant. Tilgangurinn með þessari yfirlitsgrein er að varpa ljósi á algengi, áhættuþætti og afleiðingar óráðs í kjölfar opinna hjartaaðgerða. Gerð var kerfisbundin fræðileg samantekt á rannsóknargreinum frá árunum 2005-2013 til að skoða algengi, útsetjandi og útleysandi áhættuþætti og afleiðingar óráðs eftir opnar hjartaaðgerðir. Leitað var í gagnagrunnunum Web of Science, PubMed og Cinahl. Tæpur þriðjungur sjúklinga fær óráð eftir opna hjartaaðgerð. Útsetjandi áhættuþættir eru meðal annars hár aldur, vitræn skerðing, gáttatif, þunglyndi og saga um heilablóðfall. Útleysandi áhættuþættir eru meðal annars tími á hjarta- og lungnavél og öndunarvél, lágt útfall hjarta eftir aðgerð, öndunarbilun, lungnabólga, sýkingar, þörf fyrir blóðgjöf og hjartsláttaróregla eftir aðgerð. Óráð leiðir til lengri sjúkrahúslegu, skertrar sjálfsbjargargetu og hærri dánartíðni. Hægt er að fyrirbyggja óráð með því að sporna við þekktum áhættuþáttum. Óráð er algengur og alvarlegur fylgikvilli opinna hjartaaðgerða. Með aukinni þekkingu á áhættuþáttum, auk reglubundinnar skimunar fyrir einkennum, mætti draga úr algengi og flýta fyrir greiningu og meðferð.
Delirium is a sudden and usually transient disturbance in consciousness, attention, cognition, perception and emotions. The pathophysiology is unknown but possible causes include neurotransmitter disturbances and inflammation reaction. Delirium is common in patients after open cardiac surgeries and can lead to serious consequences. Research shows that delirium is an underdiagnosed and undertreated problem. The purpose of this systematic review is to illuminate the prevalence, risk factors and outcome of postoperative delirium following open cardiac surgery. A systematic literature review from 2005-2013 was performed aiming to determine the prevalence, predisposing and precipitating factors and outcome after postoperative delirium following cardiac surgery. Web of Science, PubMed and Cinahl were searched. Findings of the systematic review shows that about one third of patients become delirious after cardiac surgery. Primary predisposing factors are advanced age, cognitive impairment, atrial fibrillation, depression and prior history of stroke. Among precipitating factors are pulmonary bypass, duration of mechanical ventilation, low cardiac output, respiratory failure, pneumonia, infections, blood cell transfusion and post-operative arrhythmias. Delirium causes prolonged hospital stay, reduced activity and higher mortality. Delirium prevention includes reducing risk factors. Delirium is a common and serious complication of open cardiac surgery. Knowledge of risk factors of delirium and regular screening for symptoms of delirium are important to reduce prevalence and to facilitate diagnosis and treatment.
Delirium is a sudden and usually transient disturbance in consciousness, attention, cognition, perception and emotions. The pathophysiology is unknown but possible causes include neurotransmitter disturbances and inflammation reaction. Delirium is common in patients after open cardiac surgeries and can lead to serious consequences. Research shows that delirium is an underdiagnosed and undertreated problem. The purpose of this systematic review is to illuminate the prevalence, risk factors and outcome of postoperative delirium following open cardiac surgery. A systematic literature review from 2005-2013 was performed aiming to determine the prevalence, predisposing and precipitating factors and outcome after postoperative delirium following cardiac surgery. Web of Science, PubMed and Cinahl were searched. Findings of the systematic review shows that about one third of patients become delirious after cardiac surgery. Primary predisposing factors are advanced age, cognitive impairment, atrial fibrillation, depression and prior history of stroke. Among precipitating factors are pulmonary bypass, duration of mechanical ventilation, low cardiac output, respiratory failure, pneumonia, infections, blood cell transfusion and post-operative arrhythmias. Delirium causes prolonged hospital stay, reduced activity and higher mortality. Delirium prevention includes reducing risk factors. Delirium is a common and serious complication of open cardiac surgery. Knowledge of risk factors of delirium and regular screening for symptoms of delirium are important to reduce prevalence and to facilitate diagnosis and treatment.
Original language | Icelandic |
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Journal | Læknablaðið |
Publication status | Published - Jun 2015 |
Other keywords
- Óráð
- Hjartaaðgerðir
- Delirium
- Thoracic Surgery
- Prevalence
- Risk Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Patient Outcome Assessment